Camera



B, BORLAND.

` CAMERA.

.f APPLICATION FILED MAR. G, I9I8. 1,351,279

Patented Aug. 31, 1920.

B. BORLANDA CAMERA.

NYM.

B. BORLANDA CAMERA.

APNIC/Hmm FILED MAR. 6, 1918,

Patented Aug. 31, 1920.

5 SHEETS*SHEE13.

B. BRLAND.

CAMERA.

APPLICATION F[LEof.1AR.6,1918.

Patented Aug. 31, 1920.

5 SHEEYS-SHEEI 4.

B. BORLAND.

CAMERA.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 5, I9Is.

Patented Aug. 31, 1920.

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UNITED STATESl PATENT-orifice-..

BRUCE BORLAND, oF CHICAGO, -iLLINoIs CAMERA.

i Specication o fLetters Patent.

-Patented Aug. 31, 1920.

Application mea narch e, '1918. serial No. 220,796.

Chicago, in the? county of'Cool'r and State.

of Illinois, have invented certain new and -useful Improvements in Cameras, of which the following is a specification.

-This invention relates more particularly lto` moving picture cameras of the type in which series of pictures' are taken in transverse rows across the film, the film being.

moved longitudinally as each row is completed preparatory to taking'the next suc- `@feeding row. Such a'camera` is shown in my' priorPatent No. 1,106,076, August 4, 1914.

J' The objects of the present inventionare i uating an objective to give it a step by step motion across the film; and to give the film a step by step longitudinal movement with respect to the objective; and in general to provide such novel improvements and features of construction, as will appear more fully from the following description.

In the accompanying drawings illustratf ing this in ention:

Figure 1 fs a front view of the camera;

Fig. 2 is an end view taken from the right hand end, as shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a-fragment of the front of the film showing the order in which the pictures are taken;

Fig. 41 isy a rear view with the cover removed.

Fig. 5

7 Fig. 6 is a section taken on the line 66 of Fig. L1; Y

Fig. 7 is a section taken on the line 7-7 of Fig. 4'

a Fig. S is a detail showing the objective carriage and some of its actuating mechanism;

Fig. 9 is a section taken on the line 9--9 Fig. 10 is a section taken on theline 10-10 of Fig. 4;

F ig. 11 is a longitudinal section taken on the iin@ ii-ii Ofig. i;

Fig. 12 is a detail of the shutter; and Fig.l13 is a section taken onthe line 13-13 of Figul2.

is a section taken onthe line 5-5 j `While my improved camera may, of

lcourse, be.l lmade in any desired size, these drawings aie considerably enlarged from the machines which I have constructed which are adapted to utilize standard films ap- 22 and has a.` guidewayi23 on the inner side thereof for a carriage 24, which carries the -lens or objective 2|and shutter 26, these parts being best shown in Figs. 8 to 13. The

carriage 251 is mounted on a plate 27 which itsin the guideway 23 and serves to partially close the aperture 22. In order to vavoid making the plate 27 unnecessarily long to keep the aperture closed during the transy verse movement of the objective, the plate .is provided with recesses 28 to receive thin auxiliary closing strips oi' plates 29 which 'vfitlbetween the plate 27iand the front 16,

and between the plate and back 3() of the guideway 23, this back having an aperture 31 of' the same size as the aperture 22. The

shown i'n Figs. 8 and 9. The plate 27 andl strips 29 act in a telescopic manner as the carriage 24 moves-across the aperture 22 so as to keep the aperture entirely closed at all times. The carriage 24 is moved by means of a cable 33 which is secured to one end of the carriage, and then passes around a guide sheave or pulley 34 which is mounted on the plate 30, and then around a driving wheel or drum` 35 rotatably mounted on a pin 36 which is also securedto the. plate 30, ,the end of the cable beingthen fastened to the opposite end of the carriage.

It will be understood that the carriage is given a stepv bystep movement across the.,

aperture 22 in one direction, and then ie versed and given a step by step movement in observed that the shuttermust be actuated.

each time the carriage stops in its movement .across the film.

The drum 35 is driven by a gear 37 which is engaged-at times by one or the other of the gears 38 and 39. These gears are mount ed on a sleeve 40 which is splined to a shaft 'ige . Camera..

' ing;

41 Which extends across the camera, Aas,

shown in Fig. 11, and is 'mounted in bear.-

ings 42 in the ends'18 and `19.` The shaftg41 is driven by' means of a Geneva movement,-

theslottedI Wheel 43 being fixed tfthe shaft Y41, While the pin 44 which turns the same is sec red to a gear 45 loosely mounted on-the 'main shaft' 46, the hub of this gear coacting with the slotted Wheelto lock the same between the turning movements.-

A crank 47 has ashort shaftfin alinement With the shaft 46,Which carries a gear 48. This gear meshes Witha gear 49 on a short sleeve 5() on the shaft41. second gear 51 is also carried by this sleeve and meshes with `v a gear 52 fixed on the shaft 46. li4. second gear '53 is also mounted on'vthis shaft and secured to the gear 52. This gear meshes With a gear '54 on a'counter shaft 55 which is mounted inthe main frame'portion of the l The shaft 55 has a Wide faced gear 56 Which engages With the gear 45 and drives the same. This shaft is also provided With a fly-Wheel 57 which serves to steady the driving movement. By means of this-arrangement, it will be noted that as the crank 47 is turned, the train of gears and the. Geneva movement will turn the shaft 41 Avvith its sleeve 40 With an intermittent motion, so that if either of the gears 38 or 39 is in mesh with the gear 37, the latter Will be'turned intermittently to move the objective across the camera. Assuming that the gear 39 is in mesh When the second rovv of pictures are being taken, as indicated in Fig. 3, this step by step movement is repeated as many times as there are pictures to be taken in the transverse rovv. When the last picture in this row is made, the film is shifted longitudinally and then the objective Vis moved 'step by step in .the opposite direction, as indicated by the third roWin Fig. 3. The reverse movement ,is accomplished by shifting the sleeve 40 to bring the gear 38 into mesh with the gear`37.

collar 5'8 by means of a spring 59 which presses against a collar 60 on the shaft 41. The collar 58'is loosely mounted on a sleeve 61 on the shaft 41.andy has a plurality of. pins 62 which project through holesin across piece 63'forming a part of the frame..V ,These pins prevent the turning of the collar' andf serve tovmove it longitudinally to shift the sleeve 40. The ends of these pins engage With a face cam 64 which has a plurality of uniformly spaced cams corresponding with the number of pins in order to prevent bind- This cam is securely fixed tothe sleeve 61. The sleeve 61 is rotated ,at 'timesbv means of a Geneva movement, the slotted Wheel 65 thereof beingsecured to'A said sleeve whilethe pin 66-Which turnsthe same is se` cured to the gear 45, as shown in Fig; 4, and

the hub 67 of this gear also coacts With thei 5 escapement for holding lthe Y counter shaft 78 is mounted adjacent to thevcams-or lugs 70 and v71,`the ,former being fixed-onthe hub '67 While the latter is fixed to the gear`53. .The gears are so proportioned that the gear 45 turns faster than the gear 53 sov that When the last picture in a transverse row has been takemth'e cam 70 Will engage with vthe cam 71 and Will forcethe hub 67 With the gear 45 to the left as shown in Fig. 4, so that the pin 44Will not engage 61 and the face cam 64. The cam 64 is moved far enough' so that ends of the pins `62 Will rest against the high parts of the cam, and Will hold thevcollar 53 and sleeve 40 toward the right as-shoWn in Fig.l 11, to

' bring the gear 38 into mesh with the gear 37. 'As soon as the clam or projection 70 passes the projection 71, the spring 68 moves the'gear 45 back to its original position so that the pin44 again engages with the Wheely 43 andA rotatesthe shaft'41`vvhich'causes the l objective to move 'back across the camera With an intermittent motion While the next rovv ofpictures is taken. As soon' as this row is completed, the gear 45 is again shifted and the face cam 64 is again actuated to vpermit the sleeve 40 to return to itsufirst de- With a gear 75 Which is mounted on'the shaft `7 6 Which `carriesthe vshutter 26. The shutter 26 is mounted adjacent to the light aperture 7, and 1s adapted to open and close the same at the proper times.' Tt Will be noted movement is timed so that the exposure will be made 'during the intervals of restA of theA carriage 2 4 as it, movesa-cross the film.

. with the Wheel 432, but the pin 66 will engage With the Wheel 65 so as to turn the sleeve that the shutter is constantly driven, but its v Tn order to hold the carriage positively during the positions of rest, and to prevent lost mot1on,'I provide an auxiliary lock or same. 'A

gear 37, as shown in Figs. 4 and 10 and is "provided with a gear 79 which meshes with the end of the gear' 72, the gear 79 being j 'somewhat smallerso that the shaft 78 is turned more rapidly. This shaft carries an escapement Wheel or disk 8Ov Which is cut away f or a portion of the distance around the periphery as indicated at 81. The movement of this wheel is "timed so that it will.

10o scribed position preparatory for mak-ing the i' engage with the Vgear 37 and -lock the same against turning, as shown in F ig. 4, during the intervals of rest. of the carriage,'but when the gear vis to be turned and the carriage moved, the cutaway portion 81 will -insertion and removal of the roll or spool. The film 84 is wound up on a second roll or spool 85 which is also mounted on the usualgstub shafts one of which, 86 is spring pressed to permit the .removal of the.

film. This shaft is provided with a handle 87 which fits in a recess in the-end of the camera, lbut which may be swung out'to turn the spool or.-to pullthe shaft vto re'- lease the spool. The shaft 86 is also pro vided with a gear .88 which is held in frictional engagement With the shaft as vby means of a spring washer 89, which presses the gear Vagainst the collar 90 onsaid shaft so that the shaft will'be turned bythe gear.

.1 v l This gear engagesv with an intermedi-ate gear 'ed in arms 97 and 98 which are piv-A 91 which in turn meshes with a gear92 on a sleeve 93, which isiioosely mounted on the sleeve 6l'. The gear92 is driven by a pavvl or dog 94 mounted on the back of the cam'64.

Two guide rollers95 and 96 are mountoted at 99 to the upperpo'rtion of the frame of the camera. One o'f these rollers 96is driven by gear 100, which meshes with the gear 92, and coacts with the sleeve or roller` 93 to feed the film through the camera The gear which drives the spool 85 is prefer- 1 ably proportioned so thatl it will take up all of the slack, and as the roll increases in size, slippage is providedby the friction washer 89. Spring catches '101' are mounted, as shown in Fig.' 11,. and engage with the* free ends of the arms 97 and-98 to press theguide rollers against the film. The carriage 24 isv provided with an aperture lflcorresponding in size and sha ae to the picture to be taken. It will be noted from Fig. 5 that the guide lrollers hold the film pressedy closely against this projection, so that Athe exposure will be confined tofthe light opening, and there will be no danger of fogging the film.

' Assumingi` that the film is in position and the objective in position `to'start making a transverse row of pictures, the turning of the crank 47 will rotate the long gear 72 and will open and close the shutter to make the first exposure, As soon as the pin 44 engages the wheel 43, the latter will be turned to actuate the objective shiftingV mechanism and vshift the objective or lens one step to the right, as shown in the second row of Figz. As soon as the objective reaches this position, it is locked by the escapement 80 and held in such position until the'shutter is again actuated to make the next exposure and this is repeated until the row of pictures is completefh 'The' pin 66 then engages with the wheel to shift the cam 64 to reverse the movement of the objective.

Simultaneously the film feed rollers are actuated, and the film is moved longitudinally preparatory to taking the next row. The step by step movement and repeated ex- -posures then continuesto make the next transverse row of pictures as vthe objective moves across the film to the left, as shown therefore I donot wish tobe limited to the particular construction herein shown and .aol

described, except as specified in the following'claims,in which I claim:

l. The combination with a camera of the type in`which the objective is moved relativelyto the film, and having driving mechanism'for actuating the objective, of means separate from the driving mechanism .for

Apositively locking the objective during the periods of 'exposure whereby the objective is held rigidly in proper position.

2. In amoving picture camera, the combination with the lens, of means including driving means for moving the same intermittently across the film, and an escapement separate from the driving mechanism for locking the lens positively between the movements.

3. In a moving picture machine, the combination of a casing having an aperture in front thereof, av carriage mounted on the front and adapted to move along said aperture, means for keeping the aperture closed Aas the carriage moves along the same, a

lens mounted in said carriage, a. cable attached to said carriage, a guide wheel for said cable, a ldrum for operating the cable, and 'means for turning the drum intermittently in one direction and then reversing the moving and turning` .the drum intermittently in the opposite direction.

4. The combination with a camera having a lens supporting carriage adapted to move transversely, a cord secured to said carriage for moving'the same, a guide wheel for said cord, a driving wheel for said cord, a gear for turning said driving wheel, means for intermittentlj7 actuating said gear, and an escapement coacting with said gear to lock the same between the intermittent move ments.

5. In a moving picture camera, a carriage, an objective mounted in said carriage, a cord for moving said carriage, a driving wheel for said cord, a gear for turning said wheel, a rpair of gears mounted upon a common axis and adapted-to engage at times with said first named gear, a`main driving` shaft, means' for turning the last name' gears from the vdrivingv shaft with a'n inter niittent motion, and means for shifting said last named gears tov reverse the` movement vof the first named gear.

6: in a moving picture machine', the combination of a carriage,` an objective`iiiouiit-- ed in said carriage, a cable connected with said carriage and adapted to" actuate the same, a driving wheel-for said cable, a gear for turning said wheel, a shaft arranged adjacent tosaid geaij, a v'sleeve splined on said shaft, gearsat' either end of said sleeve adapted to engagel at times with the first named gear, means for imparting 'an inter mittent rotary movement to said shaft, and means for automatically shifting the sleeve vafter the shaft has been given'a predetermined number of movements, .to cause the gears carried by said sleeve to alternately engage "withand be ldisengaged from said' first named gear.

7. In a moving picture machine, the combination of a laterally movable objective support, a cable for actuating said support,

a drum for driving said cable, a gear secured to said drum, a transverse shaft mounted adjacentto said gear, a sleeve spliiied on said shaft,'gears at either end of said sleeve adapted to engage alternately.

the end of predetermined periods and moi mentarily throwing the second named movement into operation to actuate the cam and' .then throwing the first named movement` again into operation. i i A 8. An operating mechanism for a moving picture machine comprising' a main drivingf shaft, a gear mounted on said shaft, means for turning s aid gear,` a projection Von said ,j gear, a second gear freely mounted :on said shaft and having a cylindrical hub, a projection on said hub adapted to engage at' vtimes with said first named projection'to shift'the hub, a spring tending to` hold said hub in normal position, a train of gears coneneva movement operated necting saidjfirst named and second named .gears and adapted to turn therlatter at a predetermined different speed than the former so that said projections will coact at times to shi-ft the hub with the gear thereon, a second shaft, a slotted wlieelof thev Geneva type secured to said second shaft and coacting with'sa'id hub, a tubel mounted on said second named shaft, a second slotted wheel of the' Geneva type secured to said tube and coacting with said. huh, pins on' said -second named gear for engagement with said slotted wheelsthe arrangement being such thatafter the first named wheel has been actuated a predetermined number -of times, the huhwill be shifted to throw its actuatingr pin out of Aengagement and to throw the actuating pin for the' secondv `.slotted wheel into engagement toturn the second slotted wheel, a sleeve slidably mounted on said second named shaft, gears to hold said sleeve in normal position, a cam on the end of'said tube, connections between the cam and sleeve whereby the latter will be shifted when the cam is turned, a gear'` at either end of said sleeve, a spring tending arranged adjacent to the gears `on Said sleeve and adapted to'be `engaged at times by one or the other of sai-d gears to drive it in reverse directions, a drum actuatedA byf saidlast named gear, a slidablev objective.

support, and means connecting saiddrum i and support for actuating the latter,the arrangement being such that when the main shaft is turned said support .will be given an intermittent motion and will be reversed after being moved a predetermined number-1.00

of times.

9. A moving picture machine having a' `laterally movable objective with aportion 'adapted to engage with the film, guide rollers for holding said-film yieldingly against said engaging portion, a feed roller for said film and-means for driving one of said guide rollers to'cause it to coact with the feed roller for moving the film.

l l0. in a moving picture camera, the com- 110' bination'of a pair'of Geneva movements .having a single driving wheel adapted to engage with oneor thexother of the driven wheels,

means for turning said driving wheel, means for shifting the driving wheel at times to bring it into engagement with one lor the other lof said driven wheels, means actuated by one of said driven wheels for giving a "step by step movement tothe objective, and means actuated by the second driven wheel 120 for reversing the step by step movementof the objective, and means lalso actuated by lsaid second driven wheel .for feeding the film longitudinally. j y

` BRUoE'BonLAND. 

